![]() The Austrians followed them there, occupying Albania. Within 2 weeks, the government surrendered, although the army retreated into Albania. Also in January, Austria-Hungary invaded Montenegro.By mid January 1916, the Allies were taking thousands from the Albanian coast to the Greek island of Corfu. ![]() In the winter of 1915-16, the Serbian army, with many civilians along fled Serbia into the mountains of Albania toward the coast.Italian commander Cadorno was fired and replaced with General Armando Diaz.Despite this, the Italians’ morale increased, since they were now fighting for their homeland, not conquest. When the battle ended nine days later, the Italians had lost 10,000 killed and 280,000 prisoners.The Central Powers forces gained about 60 miles of territory, but the Italians regrouped at the Piave River. Within two days, the Italians had lost 60,000 prisoners and were in flight. On October 24, the Austrians and Germans launched the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo (aka Battle of Caporetto).This was the deadliest of the Isonzo battles. On August 18, the Italians began the 11th Battle of the Isonzo, attacking along the entire front.It was technically an Italian victory, but they lost twice as many men as the Austrians did. The Italians took Zagorra and Mount Santo, although they lost the latter very quickly. Things were mostly quiet in the fall and winter of 1916-17, but on May 12 the Italians launched an attack (10th Battle of the Isonzo).Throughout the summer and fall of 1916, Austria and Italy continued to fight around the Isonzo River.But further attempts to advance were halted. In August, the Italian army counterattacked and captured Gorizia, which the Austrians had previously occupied.Neither side was able to make headway until May 1916, when Austria launched the “Punishment Expedition,” which pushed the Italian army back. Since Italy’s entry into the war, Italy and Austria had fought several battles along their border in the Alps. ![]() The same centrifugal forces that pulled apart the Austro-Hungarian empire were affecting the Ottoman Empire. It was due to divisions between its Turkish-speaking populations and Arabic-speaking populations. Things were no better in the Ottoman Empire. ![]() Also in January, Austria-Hungary invaded Montenegro. By mid-January 1916, the Allies were taking thousands from the Albanian coast to the Greek island of Corfu. In the winter of 1915-16, the Serbian army, with many civilians along fled Serbia into the mountains of Albania toward the coast. Starting with Italy, since Italy’s entry into the war, Italy and Austria had fought several battles along their border in the Alps. In this episode, we explore the Southern Fronts of World War One in 1916-1917. That’s because it broke the fragile alliances that kept these Empires alive. World War One shattered the empires of Russia, the Ottomans, and the Austro-Hungarians, which had all existed in one form or another for centuries.
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